Polycystic kidney disease

Background

• Multisystemic and progressive disorder resulting in renal cysts and renal enlargement
• Hereditary disorder, autosomal dominant
• Accounts for ~2% of new cases of renal failure each year
• Mortality
  • Cardiovascular
  • Infection, septicemia
  • Subarachnoid hemorrhage
  • Uremia

Clinical Features

• Clinical presentation typically begins in 3rd to 4th decade of life, but may be detectable in childhood
• Pain in abdomen/flank/back is most common initial symptom. Pain can be due to:
  • enlargement of cysts
  • bleeding within cyst or gross hematuria with clots or perinephric hematoma
  • urinary tract infection
  • nephrolithiasis
• Hematuria
  • self-limited
  • cysts are susceptible to traumatic injury

Evaluation

• US is the imaging of choice
• CBC, BMP
• Urinalysis +/- Urine culture

References

• Torra R et al. Polycystic Kidney Disease. eMedicine. Feb 11, 2016. http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/244907-overview#showall