Stingray injury: Difference between revisions
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==Background== | ==Background== | ||
===Mechanism=== | |||
*Punctures skin to introduce venom | |||
*Generally local symptoms without systemic effects | |||
==Clinical Features== | ==Clinical Features== | ||
===Symptoms=== | |||
*Vary with species | |||
*Generally local pain | |||
*Systemic symptoms can include vomiting, hypotension, muscle cramps, paralysis, cardiac arrest | |||
==Differential Diagnosis== | ==Differential Diagnosis== | ||
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==Management== | ==Management== | ||
*Supportive | |||
*If visible remove spines and stinger | |||
*'''Immediately immerse wound in hot water (45°C for 30-90min)''' | |||
*Clean area | |||
*Tetanus prophylaxis | |||
==Disposition== | ==Disposition== | ||
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==Sources== | ==Sources== | ||
*Atkinson PRT. Is hot water immersion an effective treatment for marine envenomation? Emergency Medicine Journal. 2006;23(7):503–508. doi:10.1136/emj.2005.028456. | |||
<references/> | <references/> | ||
[[Category:Tox]][[category:Environ]] | |||
Revision as of 20:38, 24 October 2014
Background
Mechanism
- Punctures skin to introduce venom
- Generally local symptoms without systemic effects
Clinical Features
Symptoms
- Vary with species
- Generally local pain
- Systemic symptoms can include vomiting, hypotension, muscle cramps, paralysis, cardiac arrest
Differential Diagnosis
Marine toxins, envenomations, and bites
- Toxins
- Ciguatera
- Scombroid
- Tetrodotoxin (e.g. pufferfish)
- Shellfish poisoning
- Amnesic shellfish poisoning
- Diarrheal shellfish poisoning
- Neurotoxic shellfish poisoning
- Paralytic shellfish poisoning
- Stingers
- Venomous fish
- Cone shell
- Lionfish
- Sea urchins
- Crown-of-Thorns Starfish
- Stonefish
- Other: Catfish, zebrafish, scorpion fish
- Nematocysts
- Coral reef
- Fire coral
- Jellyfish (Cnidaria)
- Portuguese man-of-war
- Sea anemones
- Seabather's eruption
- Phylum porifera (sponges)
- Bites
- Infections
Workup
Management
- Supportive
- If visible remove spines and stinger
- Immediately immerse wound in hot water (45°C for 30-90min)
- Clean area
- Tetanus prophylaxis
Disposition
See Also
External Links
Sources
- Atkinson PRT. Is hot water immersion an effective treatment for marine envenomation? Emergency Medicine Journal. 2006;23(7):503–508. doi:10.1136/emj.2005.028456.