Milk-alkali syndrome: Difference between revisions
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==Background== | ==Background== | ||
*3rd most common cause of hypercalcemia, after hyperparathyroidism and malignancy | *Definition: [[Hypercalcemia]] due to increased calcium intake in the setting of renal failure | ||
*3rd most common cause of [[hypercalcemia]], after [[hyperparathyroidism]] and malignancy | |||
==Clinical Features== | ==Clinical Features== | ||
*Often due to heavy use of calcium containing antacids | *Often due to heavy use of calcium containing antacids | ||
*Headache, confusion, dizziness, poor appetite, psychosis, dry mouth, constipation | *[[Headache]], [[confusion]], [[dizziness]], poor appetite, [[psychosis]], dry mouth, [[constipation]] | ||
==Differential Diagnosis== | |||
{{Hypercalcemia DDX}} | |||
== | ==Evaluation== | ||
*High calcium | *High calcium | ||
*Alkalosis | *Alkalosis | ||
| Line 20: | Line 21: | ||
*Hydration | *Hydration | ||
*Avoidance of calcium / alkali intake | *Avoidance of calcium / alkali intake | ||
==Disposition== | |||
*Hospitalization for IV hydration in severe cases | *Hospitalization for IV hydration in severe cases | ||
==See Also== | |||
*[[Hypercalcemia]] | |||
==External Links== | |||
==References== | |||
<references/> | |||
[[Category:FEN]] | |||
Latest revision as of 01:07, 29 September 2019
Background
- Definition: Hypercalcemia due to increased calcium intake in the setting of renal failure
- 3rd most common cause of hypercalcemia, after hyperparathyroidism and malignancy
Clinical Features
- Often due to heavy use of calcium containing antacids
- Headache, confusion, dizziness, poor appetite, psychosis, dry mouth, constipation
Differential Diagnosis
Causes of Hypercalcemia
- Addison's disease
- Calciphylaxis
- Excess vitamin D
- Hypercalcemia of malignancy
- Hyperparathyroidism
- Hyperthyroidism
- Hypothyroidism
- Lithium
- Milk-alkali syndrome
- Paget disease
- Sarcoidosis
- Thiazide diuretics
Evaluation
- High calcium
- Alkalosis
- Normal or high serum phosphate
- Low serum PTH
- Normal serum 25(OH)D
- Normal or low 1,25(OH)D
Management
- Hydration
- Avoidance of calcium / alkali intake
Disposition
- Hospitalization for IV hydration in severe cases