https://wikem.org/w/index.php?action=history&feed=atom&title=Template%3ACaustics_background%2Fen 2026-04-18T14:59:38Z Revision history for this page on the wiki MediaWiki 1.38.2 https://wikem.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Caustics_background/en&diff=385303&oldid=prev 2026-01-27T16:02:32Z

<p>Updating to match new version of source page</p> <p><b>New page</b></p><div>&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;languages/&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;<br /> <br /> ===[[Special:MyLanguage/Caustics|Caustics]]===<br /> <br /> *Substances that cause damage on contact with body surfaces<br /> *Degree of injury determined by pH, concentration, volume, duration of contact<br /> *Acidic agents cause coagulative necrosis<br /> *Alkaline agents cause liquefactive necrosis (considered more damaging to most tissues)<br /> *Corrosive agents have reducing, oxidising, denaturing or defatting potential<br /> <br /> <br /> ====Alkalis====<br /> <br /> *Accepts protons → free hydroxide ion, which easily penetrates tissue → cellular destruction<br /> **Liquefactive necrosis and protein disruption may allow for deep penetration into surrounding tissues<br /> *Examples<br /> **Sodium hydroxide (NaOH), potassium hydroxide (KOH)<br /> ***Lye present in drain cleaners, hair relaxers, grease remover<br /> **Bleach (sodium hypochlorite) and Ammonia (NH3)<br /> ***Cleaning products such as oven cleaners, swimming pool chlorinator<br /> ***Household bleach ingestion (4-6% sodium hypochlorite) rarely causes significant esophageal injury&lt;ref&gt;Wasserman RL, Ginsburg CM. Caustic substance injuries. J Pediatr. 1985;107(2):169-174. doi:10.1016/s0022-3476(85)80119-0&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Harley EH, Collins MD. Liquid household bleach ingestion in children: a retrospective review. Laryngoscope. 1997;107(1):122-125. doi:10.1097/00005537-199701000-00023&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> <br /> ====Acids====<br /> <br /> *Proton donor → free hydrogen ion → cell death via denatured protein → coagulation necrosis and eschar formation, which limits deeper involvement<br /> **However, due to pylorospasm and pooling of acid, high-grade gastric injuries are common<br /> ***Mortality rate is higher compared to strong alkali ingestions<br /> *Can be systemically absorbed and → [[Special:MyLanguage/metabolic acidosis|metabolic acidosis]], hemolysis, AKI<br /> *Examples<br /> **Hydrochloric acid (HCl), [[Special:MyLanguage/hydrofluoric acid|hydrofluoric acid]] (HF), Sulfuric acid (H2SO4), Phosphoric acid, Oxalic Acid, Acetic acid<br /> ***Found in: auto batteries, drain openers, toilet bowl, metal cleaners, swimming pool cleaners, rust remover, nail primer</div>

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