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===[[Ultrasound: Lungs|Bedside Lung Ultrasound in Emergency (BLUE) Protocol]]<ref>http://ccm.anest.ufl.edu/files/2012/08/BLUELung.pdf Relevance of Lung Ultrasound in the Diagnosis of Acute Respiratory Failure - The BLUE Protocol</ref>===<br />
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[[File:Dyspnea Ultrasound.png|thumb|Algorithm for the Use of Ultrasound in the Evaluation of Dyspnea]]<br />
*Landmark study by a French intensivist that described various profiles of specific pulmonary disease found on US<ref>Lichtenstein DA, Mezière GA. Relevance of lung ultrasound in the diagnosis of acute respiratory failure: the BLUE protocol. Chest. 2008 Jul;134(1):117-25. doi: 10.1378/chest.07-2800. Epub 2008 Apr 10. Erratum in: Chest. 2013 Aug;144(2):721. PMID: 18403664; PMCID: PMC3734893.</ref><br />
*Ultrasound approaches include anterior zones and PLAPS (posterior or lateral alveolar and/or pleural syndrome) point, which is located at the posterior axillary line similar to FAST view<br />
*Predominant A lines anteriorly + lung sliding = Asthma/COPD<br />
*Multiple predominant B lines anteriorly + lung sliding = Pulmonary Edema<br />
*Predominant A lines anteriorly + lung sliding + positive [[Special:MyLanguage/DVT|DVT]] = PE<br />
*Absent anterior lung sliding + anterior A lines + positive lung point = Pneumothorax (PTX)<br />
*PLAPS findings +/- A or B lines +/- abolished lung sliding = Pneumonia<br />
**PLAPS describes changes at the PLAPS point, usually related to consolidations and pleural effusions<ref>Lichtenstein DA. Lung ultrasound in the critically ill. Ann Intensive Care. 2014 Jan 9;4(1):1. doi: 10.1186/2110-5820-4-1. PMID: 24401163; PMCID: PMC3895677.</ref><br />
**Consolidations may include lung hepatization, shred sign, air bronchograms<br />
***Note that mirroring (normal) may appear similar to hepatization, but mirroring only shows in specific spots due to specific echogenic windows<br />
**Pleural effusions are visualized as anechoic/hypoechoic areas with possible spine sign or floating lung sign (sinusoid sign on M-mode)<br />
*A suggested BLUE protocol guides diagnosis of dyspnea; this should be modified as needed based on clinical presentation<br />
**Check lung sliding in anterior lung fields ---> check for A and B lines ---> check for PLAPS findings</div>FuzzyBot